Series, Shunt or Compound Motor

The term ‘DC motor’ is used to refer to any rotary electrical machine that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC motors can vary in size and power from small motors in toys and appliances to large mechanisms that power vehicles, pull elevators and hoists, and drive steel rolling mills.

A simple DC motor uses a stationary set of magnets in the stator, and a coil of wire with a current running through it to generate an electromagnetic field aligned with the centre of the coil. One or more windings of insulated wire are wrapped around the core of the motor to concentrate the magnetic field.

The windings of insulated wire are connected to a commutator (a rotary electrical switch), that applies an electrical current to the windings. The commutator allows each armature coil to be energised in turn, creating a steady rotating force (known as torque).

When the coils are turned on and off in sequence, a rotating magnetic field is created that interacts with the differing fields of the stationary magnets in the stator to create torque, which causes it to rotate. These key operating principles of DC motors allow them to convert the electrical energy from direct current into mechanical energy through the rotating movement, which can then be used for the propulsion of objects.

While the principles are the same across variants, there are actually several different types of DC motors, which offer specific advantages and disadvantages over each other. See product description below for more information.

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Description

DC Motor Types & Characteristics

Series Motors

In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the armature. The field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full armature current.

A characteristic of series motors is the motor develops a large amount of starting torque. However, speed varies widely between no load and full load. Series motors cannot be used where a constant speed is required under varying loads.

Additionally, the speed of a series motor with no load increases to the point where the motor can become damaged. Some load must always be connected to a series-connected motor.

Series-connected motors generally are not suitable for use on most variable speed drive applications.

Compound Motors

Compound motors have a field connected in series with the armature and a separately excited shunt field. The series field provides better starting torque and the shunt field provides better speed regulation.

However the series field can cause control problems in variable speed drive applications and is generally not used in four quadrant drives.

Shunt Motors

In a shunt motor the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature windings. The shunt-connected motor offers good speed regulation. The field winding can be separately excited or connected to the same source as the armature.

An advantage to a separately excited shunt field is the ability of a variable speed drive to provide independent control of the armature and field.

The shunt-connected motor offers simplified control for reversing. This is especially beneficial in regenerative drives.

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Normal shipping times are 3-5 Working days from the shipment date unless otherwise selected. Only once payment has been confirmed, will goods be shipped alternatively you can collect goods from 52 Kindon Road, Robertsham, Johannesburg, South Africa. Should you experience any delays in this please contact us

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Series, Shunt or Compound Motor

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